Cryogenic Storage Tanks
Cryogenic Storage Tanks are special containers for storing cryogenic liquids (such as liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid argon, etc.). These cryogenic liquids have extremely low boiling points, with liquid nitrogen boiling at about -196°C, liquid oxygen boiling at about -183°C, and liquid argon boiling at about -186°C. The main purpose of cryogenic storage tanks is to safely store and transport these cryogenic liquids in industrial production, medical treatment, scientific research and other fields.
In industry, liquid oxygen is often used in processes such as steel smelting and chemical oxidation reactions; liquid nitrogen can be used for deep cold treatment of metal materials, quick freezing of food, etc.; liquid argon is mainly used as a protective gas in welding and semiconductor manufacturing. In the medical field, liquid nitrogen is used to preserve biological samples (such as sperm, eggs, embryos) and cryotherapy; liquid oxygen is used in medical respiratory support systems. In scientific research, cryogenic liquids provide the necessary experimental environment for research on superconductivity, low-temperature physics, etc.
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![Liquid Nitrogen Cryogenic Storage Tanks]()
Liquid Nitrogen Cryogenic Storage TanksLiquid Nitrogen Cryogenic liquid storage tank, using a solid base to install a high vacuum multi-layer insulation type cryogenic liquid storage tank, and equipped with cryogenic liquid storage...read more -
![Lin Cryogenic Storage Tanks]()
Lin Cryogenic Storage TanksLIN Cryogenic liquid storage tank, using a solid base to install a high vacuum multi-layer insulation type cryogenic liquid storage tank, and equipped with cryogenic liquid storage tank,...read more -
![Liquid Argon Cryogenic Storage Tanks]()
Liquid Argon Cryogenic Storage TanksLiquid argon Cryogenic liquid storage tank, using unique design with internal insulation advanced vacuum technology, which ensures vacuum tank long service life.read more -
![Lar Cryogenic Storage Tanks]()
Lar Cryogenic Storage TanksLAR Cryogenic liquid storage tank, using a solid base to install a high vacuum multi-layer insulation type cryogenic liquid storage tank, and equipped with cryogenic liquid storage tank,...read more
Structural features of cryogenic storage tanks
Liner
The liner is the part that directly contacts the cryogenic liquid, usually made of materials such as stainless steel (such as 304L, 316L, etc.). This is because stainless steel has good low-temperature toughness, corrosion resistance and extremely low thermal conductivity. The design of the liner must ensure that it can withstand the internal pressure generated by the cryogenic liquid and has good sealing to prevent liquid leakage. For example, for a liquid nitrogen storage tank, the liner needs to be able to withstand the pressure generated by the vaporization of liquid nitrogen.
Shell
The shell mainly protects the liner and insulates. The shell material can be carbon steel, stainless steel or aluminum alloy, etc. There is usually a certain space between the shell and the liner, which is used to fill insulation materials or set a vacuum insulation layer.
Insulation layer
Insulation is one of the key technologies for cryogenic storage tanks. Common insulation methods include vacuum insulation, powder (such as pearlite) insulation and multi-layer insulation. Vacuum insulation is to reduce heat transfer by evacuating the space between the liner and the shell; powder insulation is to use the low thermal conductivity of powder materials (such as pearlite powder) for insulation; multi-layer insulation is to use multiple layers of high reflectivity materials (such as aluminum foil) and low thermal conductivity spacer materials alternately, which can effectively reduce radiation and conduction heat transfer.
Pipes and valves
Cryogenic storage tanks are equipped with pipeline systems such as liquid inlet pipes, liquid outlet pipes, vent pipes, and various valves to control the in and out of liquids, the discharge of vaporized gases, and other operations. These pipes and valves need to have good low-temperature tolerance and sealing to ensure safety and normal use. For example, valves usually use special cryogenic valves, and their sealing materials can maintain good sealing performance in low-temperature environments.
Classification method
Classification by storage medium
It can be divided into liquid nitrogen storage tanks, liquid oxygen storage tanks, liquid argon storage tanks, etc. Different media have different requirements for storage tank materials and safety due to their different physical and chemical properties. For example, liquid oxygen is combustible, and tanks storing liquid oxygen need to take special fire and explosion prevention measures.
Classification by volume
There are small laboratory cryogenic storage tanks (usually with a volume of several liters to tens of liters), medium-sized industrial and medical storage tanks (with a volume of hundreds of liters to thousands of liters) and large storage tanks (with a volume of tens of thousands of liters or even larger). Small storage tanks are mainly used for scientific research experiments and the preservation of small amounts of samples; medium-sized storage tanks are suitable for hospitals, small factories and other places; large storage tanks are used for large-scale industrial production and storage.
Classification by insulation method
divided into vacuum insulated storage tanks, powder insulated storage tanks and multi-layer insulated storage tanks. Vacuum insulated storage tanks have good insulation performance and are suitable for long-term storage and high-precision occasions; powder insulated storage tanks have relatively low costs and are suitable for some situations where insulation requirements are not particularly high; multi-layer insulated storage tanks combine good insulation performance and compact structural characteristics.
Safety precautions
Pressure control: Cryogenic liquids will continue to vaporize during storage, causing the pressure in the tank to increase. Therefore, cryogenic storage tanks need to be equipped with pressure control systems, such as safety valves, pressure gauges, etc. The function of the safety valve is to automatically open when the pressure in the tank exceeds the set value, discharge gas, and prevent the storage tank from exploding. Users need to regularly check the effectiveness of the pressure control system to ensure its normal operation.
Prevent leakage: Leakage of cryogenic liquids may cause dangers such as frostbite, suffocation, and fire (such as liquid oxygen leakage). Therefore, it is essential to check the sealing of the storage tank. In daily use, pay attention to observe whether there are signs of liquid or gas leakage in pipes, valves and other parts. If leakage is found, take measures immediately, such as closing relevant valves, evacuating personnel, etc., and promptly notify professional maintenance personnel for maintenance.
Insulation maintenance: If the insulation performance of the storage tank decreases, the low-temperature liquid will vaporize faster, increase the pressure in the tank, and waste energy. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly check the integrity of the insulation layer, such as whether the vacuum degree of the vacuum insulation storage tank meets the requirements. For multi-layer insulation storage tanks, pay attention to check whether the insulation material is damaged or detached.
Operation specification: When using low-temperature storage tanks for liquid filling, unloading, transportation and other operations, it must be carried out in strict accordance with the operating procedures. For example, when filling liquid, the filling speed should be controlled to avoid excessive pressure caused by rapid vaporization of the liquid; during transportation, ensure that the storage tank is firmly fixed to prevent tipping and collision.
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